In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and neurodiversity, expert faculty will discuss strategies to improve communication with patients who are neurodivergent during routine clinical encounters and will identify social drivers of health that are unique in neurodiverse populations.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will explore strategies for enhancing SDM, improving health literacy, and addressing SDoH and health-related social needs (HRSN). The focus will be on interdisciplinary collaboration to empower patients and improve health outcomes through informed and equitable care. Learners will understand how SDM improves health equity and how to implement actionable strategies, including the USPSTF recommendations and the 5 As of Motivational Interviewing, to integrate SDM into clinical practice.

During this educational presentation, expert clinical faculty will share equitable depression screening tools, including assessments designed for pediatric, geriatric, and postpartum patients, and those with bipolar disorder. Faculty will discuss clinical examples to illustrate culturally humble depression screening tool selection and application to reduce disparities in screening.

EPSDT has the potential to improve health outcomes for all eligible children by ensuring they receive needed health services as early as possible in a variety of settings, including at school. This educational discussion led by national experts will introduce EPSDT, what it covers, and how it can be used to address social determinants of health in the delivery of high-quality health care.

CAHPS and HEDIS measures are updated annually to ensure that the information collected is relevant and actionable. These changes have a particular impact on patients with chronic illnesses and complicated social determinants of health. This educational presentation, hosted by national experts, will look at the updates to CAHPS and HEDIS, how they impact quality care and experience, and what this means for clinicians.

In this educational discussion, national experts will discuss a new CMS pilot program that enables clinicians to use novel methods to address HRSN via Medicare resources. This approach, called “In Lieu of Services” (ILOS) uses Medicaid funds to pay for services that are not traditionally medical, but can potentially improve patient outcomes in a more cost-effective manner than traditional treatments. The program will also highlight the screening and assessment best practices and empathetic inquiry skills necessary to identify and address HRSN.

During this program, national experts will examine how racism, discrimination, and inter-generational trauma impact clinical care practices for Black/African American patients. The educational discussion will center on introducing trauma-informed care practices and other trust-building interventions into clinical care to improve patient outcomes and address health-related social needs for Black/African American patients.

Clinicians who engender trust and establish a therapeutic rapport with these patients practice trauma-informed care, establishing a safe space for open communication and keeping in mind intergenerational trauma. In this educational presentation, faculty will share best practices for integrating a trauma-informed approach into clinical practice to improve outcomes for Indigenous/American Indian/Alaska Native patients.

During this educational presentation, clinical experts who work with these communities will discuss interventions for reducing some of the barriers to care that rural-residing patients now endure, such as improving health literacy and access to person-centered care.

Clinical experts will lead an educational discussion on best practices designed to mitigate some of these disparities and engender mutual trust in the health care setting. This presentation shares interventions that address and relieve stigma experienced by Hispanic/Latino patients with the goal of making the clinic a place where they feel welcome and heard.

During this concise, on-demand educational discussion, expert panelists will advocate for aging populations and their caregivers, revealing the structural pressures that enable ageism and racism to persist, and highlighting strategies to address health-related social needs for this underserved population.

In this CMEO Snack, expert faculty will guide learners through a discussion of the unique care barriers and facilitators and their impact on individuals with disabilities as well as strategies for clinical practice that address the health-related social needs of these patients.

This educational discussion will identify the health-related social needs of LGBTQIA+ patients and will share practice strategies such as gender- and trauma-informed care that improve clinicians’ cultural humility and help make the experience safe and welcoming for all patients.

This educational presentation features health care experts who will share actionable strategies for incorporating the use of personal pronouns into clinical practice to foster a safe and inclusive care environment.

In this CMEO Snack, expert faculty will meet to discuss the unique needs of Veteran patients as well as practical strategies that can be integrated into clinical practice (such as cultural humility) to mitigate disparities in treatment and outcomes for this patient population.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a collection on health access and social responsibility, expert faculty will identify factors that contribute to disparities in palliative care access and utilization for underserved communities and will develop actionable strategies for the multidisciplinary care team to provide personalized palliative care that considers social drivers of health and patient culture.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will explore strategies for enhancing health literacy and overcoming LEP barriers. The focus will be on interdisciplinary collaboration to improve patient outcomes and equity in health care delivery. Learners will be equipped with tools such as Transcreation and the Teach-Back Method to address health literacy in practice.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will address the gaps in trauma-informed and share best practices for improving the quality of care provided to all patients, including individuals affected by trauma and gender diversity, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and enhanced professional practice.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will educate healthcare providers on implementing age-friendly principles in clinical care and as part of a collaborative team to improve outcomes for aging patients. Participants will learn to identify and integrate the 4 Ms into patient care, recognize the applicability of NCQA HEDIS measures for healthy aging, and address HRSN to enhance care delivery. By fostering engagement, promoting education, and developing strategies to meet older adults’ needs, this program seeks to create a more inclusive and effective healthcare environment.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a collection on health access and social responsibility, expert faculty will identify educational and care-based gaps that impact health care outcomes for individuals with disabilities, and demonstrate collaborative strategies for the interprofessional, multidisciplinary team to improve inclusive practices and optimize care for individuals with disabilities.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and obesity care, expert faculty will identify recent shifts in obesity diagnosis and management based on the latest guidelines, and focus on personalized, guideline-based strategies for obesity care that address disparities, cultural considerations, and effective long-term management utilizing a multidisciplinary team of caregivers.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and obesity care, expert faculty will identify key cardiometabolic comorbidities associated with obesity in a range of communities, their impact on overall health outcomes, and how to implement culturally tailored, multidisciplinary strategies to address them.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and obesity care, expert faculty will identify the complex factors contributing to obesity as a chronic disease, including genetic, socioeconomic, and cultural influences, and discuss how to implement multidisciplinary, patient-centered, shared decision-making strategies to individualize care and combat barriers to equity in obesity care.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and obesity care, expert faculty will address key health inequities associated with obesity in adults in underserved communities and how caregivers can work within multidisciplinary teams to implement effective, culturally tailored strategies to address those inequities.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and neurodiversity, expert faculty will identify methods to create inclusive workplace environments for individuals who are neurodiverse and will develop communication strategies to facilitate interprofessional collaboration when caring for patients who are neurodiverse.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and neurodiversity, expert faculty will differentiate between psychiatric conditions and cognitive differences in patients who are neurodivergent and will demonstrate communication strategies with patients/caregivers that address the relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and neurodiversity. Faculty will also review a case and provide takeaway points.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a series on health access, social responsibility, and neurodiversity, expert faculty will compare the neurodiversity model to the medical model and will evaluate biases that negatively impact interactions of patients who are neurodivergent.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, part of a collection on health access and social responsibility, expert faculty will guide learners through an engaging activity designed to help them identify the intent of the CMS Excellent Health Outcomes for All (EHO4all) reward program as well as assess the implementation timeline and integration of EHO4all into the 2027 Medicare Advantage Star Ratings. Faculty will also foster understanding of best practices in the implementation of team-based strategies to support equitable care delivery as part of EHO4all for dually eligible individuals, recipients of low-income subsidy, and individuals with disabilities.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will share evidence-based strategies to integrate SDOH screening into healthcare practices, collaborate with community partners, and address the social needs of patients. Participants will learn how to use community resources to help patients manage chronic diseases and improve their overall health by addressing key drivers like food insecurity.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will provide evidence-based strategies for healthcare professionals to address food insecurity by promoting community-based interventions, leveraging local partnerships, and integrating culturally tailored programs. Participants will explore the role of nutrition in managing chronic diseases and the importance of food access in preventive care, with the aim of reducing health disparities in underserved populations.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will provide evidence-based strategies for healthcare professionals to address food insecurity by promoting community-based interventions, leveraging local partnerships, and integrating culturally appropriate programs. Participants will explore the role of nutrition in managing chronic diseases, the importance of food access in preventive care, and the value of the interprofessional care network in improving health equity. Culturally tailored approaches and collaboration with local organizations will be emphasized to reduce health disparities and promote better outcomes in underserved communities.

In this CME Outfitters Snack, expert faculty will explore strategies to improve health equity in oral health care. The focus will be on understanding and addressing the upstream, midstream, and downstream factors contributing to these disparities, such as implicit bias, socioeconomic status, and lack of access to preventive care. Learners will gain actionable strategies to promote equitable oral health care, including the use of interprofessional collaboration, culturally competent care, and innovative technologies like smartphone applications to improve care utilization among underserved populations. These strategies aim to enhance diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for marginalized groups, fostering a more equitable oral health care system.

In this CME Outfitters Podcast, expert faculty will guide learners to better identify key social needs that impact health outcomes in underserved patient populations and Implement nursing education strategies that address social drivers of health and empower patients through improved health literacy and access to resources.

In this CME Outfitters OnDemand webcast, expert faculty will examine how unconscious bias affects nursing care and patient outcomes across varied clinical environments. They will provide strategies to deliver culturally sensitive care by leveraging the nursing network’s unique capacity to share best practices, amplify each patient’s voice, and address education, health literacy, and social drivers of health.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty will use case examples to highlight the current clinical guidelines for biomarker testing and advise learners on addressing ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic barriers to optimal utilization of biomarker testing in lung cancer.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty will discuss the impact of implicit bias and structural inequities on referral patterns, access to bariatric surgery, and postoperative outcomes across diverse patient populations, as well as evidence-based approaches to reduce disparities in bariatric surgery.

In this CME Outfitters recorded symposium expert faculty will evaluate the latest biomarker testing strategies in prostate, bladder, and lung cancer, discussing how to integrate all members of the interdisciplinary care team in community oncology settings, identifying root causes of health inequity in cancer care and how to incorporate strategies to address unconscious bias and provide the latest biomarker testing services in cancer care management. 

This CMEOCast episode will highlight the root causes of health disparities in pain care and identify best practices for addressing structural and interpersonal racism that cause inequitable pain management, to improve awareness of and address clinician biases in pain care for patients from racial minority backgrounds.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, part of a collection on health equity, expert faculty will discuss actionable strategies to enhance health equity in the treatment of ABCD. The focus will be on identifying and mitigating the impact of social drivers of health (SDoH), integrating holistic and culturally congruent care strategies, and employing team-based approaches to ensure equitable treatment outcomes. Learners will gain tools to improve diagnosis, intervention, and long-term care for patients with ABCD, particularly those from high-risk, underserved populations.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, part of a collection on health equity, expert faculty will explore strategies to enhance mental health care for underserved populations. Focus will be placed on understanding and mitigating the impact of social drivers of health (SDoH), integrating holistic treatment strategies, and employing team-based approaches. Learners will gain tools to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for racial, ethnic, and LGBTQIA+ groups, fostering equitable mental health care delivery.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, part of a collection on health equity, expert faculty will explore strategies to improve health equity in gastrointestinal care. The focus will be on understanding upstream, midstream, and downstream drivers of health inequities, such as socioeconomic status, immigration status, and lack of social support. Learners will gain actionable strategies, including utilizing case managers, interpreter services, culturally aligned dieticians, and community support workers to address social drivers of health. These strategies aim to improve diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for underserved populations, fostering equitable gastrointestinal care delivery.

The CME Outfitters Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I) phase 1 initiative focused on six key therapeutic areas: maternal health, cardiovascular care, pain management, oral health, dermatologic health/melanoma, and elective surgery. Each of these areas face significant health inequities, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates among  underserved populations. This digital monograph illustrates the impact of the educational initiative on HCP knowledge and competence as well as patient outcomes.

Despite advances in the treatment and management of dermatologic conditions such as psoriasis, significant disparities in both treatment and outcomes persist for patients from racial/ethnic underserved groups. Patients of color are not only more likely to present with more severe disease, but they are also more likely to receive either no treatment, or only topical treatments, despite wide availability of effective biologic medications. In fact, Black patients with moderate to severe psoriasis are 70% less likely to receive biologic treatment than their White counterparts. It is imperative that each member of the multidisciplinary care team works together to address these disparities in order to improve equity in treatment and outcomes for all patients.

In this CMEO BriefCase, expert faculty will utilize case-based learning to illustrate these pervasive disparities through the stories of two patients, Miguel and LaToya, while offering strategies to integrate therapies that optimize long-term outcomes and address racial/ethnic inequities in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with psoriasis.

Though the overall prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is estimated to be largely equivalent across racial/ethnic groups, there is a significant disparity in the rate of diagnosis of MDD for many racial/ethnic underserved communities, including Black and Hispanic groups. In addition, amongst those from these communities who do receive a diagnosis, treatment offerings are often limited, with antidepressant therapy as well as psychotherapy offered at lower rates as compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Social determinants / drivers of health play an additional role in these disparate outcomes, as negative drivers of health have been associated with progression to treatment resistant depression (TRD). It is imperative that each member of the multidisciplinary care team works together to address these disparities in order to improve equity in treatment and outcomes for all patients.

In this CMEO BriefCase, expert faculty will utilize case-based learning to illustrate these pervasive disparities through the stories of two patients, Luna and Eralia, while offering strategies to address inequities in the treatment and outcomes of patients with MDD and/or TRD.

Despite advances in the treatment and management of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and atrial fibrillation, significant disparities in both treatment and outcomes for patients from racial/ethnic underserved groups remain. In fact, race-based medicine, including prescribing specific treatments dependent on a patient’s race/ethnicity, is often still employed in clinical encounters in spite of a complete lack of evidence to support these outdated practices. As a result, preexisting racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnosis of cardiovascular conditions are only exacerbated by differential treatment, resulting in greater disparities in patient outcomes. It is imperative that each member of the multidisciplinary care team works together to address these disparities in order to improve equity in treatment and outcomes for all patients.
In this CMEO BriefCase, expert faculty will utilize case-based learning to illustrate these pervasive disparities through the stories of two patients, Francisco and Samantha, while offering strategies to address inequities in the treatment and outcomes of patients with atrial fibrillation and complex cardiovascular disease.

This CMEO BriefCase entitled, People Living with HIV (PLWH) and Substance Abuse Disorder (SUD): Addressing Barriers to Viral Suppression, will discuss a specific case of an individual who must simultaneously face the challenges of living with HIV as well as having a SUD. Expert faculty will address mental health screening and different ART treatment options for HIV given the difficulties and unique barriers faced by patients with a comorbid condition of SUD.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty will guide learners through a patient case involving an initial presentation of an irAE within the ambulatory care setting. This program will provide guidance to pharmacists working within a multidisciplinary care team on strategies for the triage and initial guideline-directed management of patients with a suspected irAE.

In this CMEO BriefCase, expert faculty will present information on how healthcare disparities impact irAE recognition and management and pharmacist considerations for social determinants of health relative to irAE diagnosis and treatment planning. Discussion will include strategies for addressing healthcare inequities in order to improve timely recognition and treatment for all patients experiencing irAEs.  

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert Dr. Anita Afzali will utilize case-based learning to illustrate the common features and pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying these two inflammatory disorders. Faculty will translate clinical data to help clinicians to select optimal treatments aimed at improving outcomes for patients impacted by PsO and IBD.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty will guide learners through a case involving a patient who presents with escalating symptoms of an irAE over multiple visits.

In this CMEO BriefCase, Drs. Pruitt and Wattana will guide learners through a patient case scenario reviewing the recognition of ICI exposure through focused medication history, signs and symptoms of irAEs, and principles of early, appropriate management and the importance of consultation with an oncology care team. This program will focus on the role of the ED pharmacist in making timely interventions for patients with irAEs seen in the emergency department including strategies for engaging with ED team members and for setting the patient up for a successful transition in care.

In this CME Outfitters podcast episode, expert faculty will discuss cultural and systemic challenges faced by ethnic/racially diverse patients, and empower health care professionals with education, tools, and resources to address these challenges and provide more equitable mental health care for all.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, Drs. Peek and Quezada will guide learners through a patient case scenario reflective of the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that exist in racial and ethnic underserved patients with IBD.

This CMEO BriefCase will discuss the health care challenges of a racially diverse young mother and her 2-year-old child, and how to encourage vaccinations as preventative measures for both.

This CMEO BriefCase will discuss the mental health care challenges of a 28-year-old Black male, with a history of schizophrenia and previous failed attempts at treatment.

In this installment of the popular CMEO podcast series on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), Drs. Peek, Stanford, and Noble discuss the influence of implicit bias, health disparities, and health inequities on the quality of care for patients with obesity.

Expert faculty follows the journey of a 48-year-old Black female with AF to illuminate disparities in the quality of care she is offered. Frank questions and candid discussions about the impact of implicit bias, social determinants of health, shared decision making, and health literacy provide actionable and individualized strategies to improve outcomes for all patients with AF.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, we will follow Maria, a 52-year-old Latina woman who has been diagnosed with obesity and type 2 diabetes, as she navigates the healthcare system seeking respectful and holistic medical care.

In this podcast installment of a multi-prong diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) series, Monica E. Peek, MD, MPH, MSc; Sophie Balzora, MD, FACG; and Nana Bernasko, CRNP, DNP, WHNP-BC, will discuss strategies vital to combating inequities in IBD.

In this CME Outfitters webcast, expert faculty will discuss unconscious bias, racial and ethnic disparities, and health inequities and lay the foundation to implement real-world strategies and actionable steps for health care professionals (HCPs) and non-HCPs, including office, administrative, and support staff.

In this podcast installment of a multi-prong diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) series, Drs. Peek, Ramsey, and Shoge will discuss strategies vital to combating inequities in vision care.

In this CME Outfitters podcast, expert faculty will review recent data and discuss the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for racial and ethnic underserved patients with prostate cancer. This program will set the stage for intervention, empowering attendees to recognize and consider factors to improve prostate cancer treatment.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty guide learners through a patient case scenario reflective of the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of joint health care for racial and ethnic underserved patients.

Join a faculty expert as they guide learners through a patient case scenario reflecting the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of care for patients with prostate cancer. This program will provide actionable strategies, empowering attendees to recognize factors and implement changes in practice to improve prostate cancer treatment.

In this CMEO podcast, expert faculty will present the challenges to equitable vaccination rates for all patients, for a variety of vaccinations, and discuss how best to learn from previous attempts to ensure current and future vaccination can occur for all patients.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, faculty experts will guide learners through a patient case scenario reflecting the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for racial and ethnic underserved patients with multiple myeloma.

In this podcast installment of a diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) series, expert faculty discuss strategies vital to combating biases and inequities in joint health care.

The impact of disparities in vision care is widespread—from lower test scores in school children to macular degeneration in the aging population. Gaps in early diagnosis, treatment options and access, preservation of eyesight, and more, remain for racial and ethnic underserved populations. A culmination of biases, disparities, and inequities continues a cycle of inadequate optometric and ophthalmological care, thus resulting in delayed diagnosis and suboptimal clinical management and prognosis.

Join Drs. Ana I. Velázquez Mañana and Gilberto de Lima Lopes, Jr. as they review recent data and discuss the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for underserved racial and ethnic underserved patients with lung cancer.

In this CME Outfitters podcast, expert faculty will review recent data and discuss the sweeping impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for racial and ethnic underserved patients with multiple myeloma.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, we will follow Macy, a 30-year-old Black woman, through the highs and lows of her pregnancy and postpartum journey.

In this CMEO BriefCase, a faculty expert will guide learners through a patient case scenario reflecting the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for racial and ethnic underserved patients with lung cancer.

Join a faculty expert as they guide learners through a patient case scenario reflective of the impact of biases, disparities, and health inequities that reduce the quality of oncology care for racial and ethnic underserved patients with melanoma.

In this CME Outfitters webcast, expert faculty discuss the impact of unconscious and systemic biases, SDoH, and regional, racial, and ethnic disparities and provide tools and resources to improve oncology care for all patients.

This CME Outfitters BriefCase activity will present three case studies focusing on African American and minority patients and the struggles they face in seeking care for acute or chronic pain, with the goals of illustrating pain care disparities and guiding clinicians to recognize biases and social determinants of health in patients suffering from pain.

This live CMEO Briefcase will focus on three patients from racial and ethnic minority populations with melanoma and outline best practices for screening to reduce disparities and improve melanoma.

In this CMEO BriefCase, faculty will use case-based learning to connect healthcare disparities, stereotyping, implicit bias, and racism to poor outcomes in maternal health in minority populations.

This CMEOCast podcast will focus on the role of health systems in addressing structural racism and clinician/staff biases and how health systems administrators can integrate best practices to support patients and reduce disparities in care.

This CMEOCast podcast will focus on the negative impact of inequitable access on surgical weight-loss procedures, including the key contributing factors for disparities in weight-loss surgery and strategies for mitigating these disparities.

This CMEO BriefCase episode will focus on factors for disparities in joint arthroplasty procedures and strategies clinicians can implement to improve racial equity in orthopedic arthroplasty and surgical care.

In this CME Outfitters BriefCase, expert faculty will present two to three patient cases that will showcase how clinicians can integrate best practices to mitigate disparities in the management of cardiac rhythm disorders across race, ethnicity, and gender.

In this CMEOCast podcast episode, expert faculty will discuss how clinicians can improve awareness of racial disparities in melanoma outcomes; recognize, address, and monitor their own biases when managing dermatological conditions in SoC; and integrate best practices that account for structural racism and barriers in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of melanoma and other dermatological conditions in people of color.

This CME Outfitters BriefCase will feature patient case studies that illustrate disparities in oral health and practical steps dental health professionals can take to mitigate these in their own practice to eliminate barriers to equitable dental and oral health care in patients of color.

This CME Outfitters podcast will focus on identifying inequitable processes and pathways in the prevalence, screening, diagnosis, and management of CVD/arrythmia disorders in URM populations; how HCPs can develop solutions to recognize and address biases; and how to integrate best practices and guidelines to account for structural racism and barriers in the prevention, care, and management of medically underserved patients with CVD.

In this CME Outfitters podcast, expert faculty detail the systemic and social determinants that contribute to oral health disparities, particularly the factors that contribute to dental health disparities in patients of color.

This CME Outfitters Newsletter article focuses on historical and present-day sources of health care disparities as discussed in a trail-blazing, two-day, round-table seminar. The discussion included the effects that disparate health and health care have on vulnerable minority populations, and specific strategies to mitigate structural and interpersonal racism to counter these disparities and promote best practices for equitable patient treatment and outcomes.

This CME Outfitters podcast will focus on helping clinicians identify factors that contribute to racial disparities in maternal health outcomes and then outline steps for implementing effective and timely clinical interventions to eliminate preventable maternal morbidity and mortality.

This CME Outfitters Live and OnDemand will focus on identifying structural and social determinants of health (SDOH) and clinician biases that place minority patients at risk for poorer outcomes in cardiovascular disease and implementing health care practices to improve these outcomes.