Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common comorbidity among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and/or venous thromboembolism (VTE). Paradoxically, declining kidney function increases both thromboembolic and bleeding risks in patients with these conditions, requiring a fragile balance when implementing anticoagulation therapy to prevent ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism. Adding to the complexity of decision-making is a paucity of robust study results, as patients with CKD were often excluded from large anticoagulation clinical trials for patients with NVAF and VTE. Fortunately, newer studies and a wealth of real-world experience now provide practical guidance to optimize quality of care and outcomes. In particular, some of the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have shown significant safety and efficacy versus warfarin in many patients with CKD and NVAF/VTE, but these therapies are still underused or underdosed because of clinician concern for increased bleeding.
In this CME Outfitters activity, experts in cardiology and nephrology discuss the challenges of striking the ideal risk-benefit ratio in anticoagulation for renally-impaired patients with NVAF or VTE. They explore the roles that shared decision making and recognition of each patient’s social determinants of health play in improving adherence to therapies. Importantly, the faculty demonstrates how cultural humility and awareness of implicit bias, particularly in communities of color, can improve equitable care and ensure best outcomes.